Haynes 230 vs Inconel 617 | Superalloy Selection

By Shanghai Hangbo Alloy Group Co., Ltd. - China Supplier | ISO 9001:2015 | Est. 2012

Contact: sales@hangboalloy.com | hangbo@nickel-alloy.com | WhatsApp (Lisa): +86 13611656360

Quick Answer: Haynes 230 vs Inconel 617

Choose Haynes 230 for cyclic oxidation, carburisation and thermal fatigue above 1000 °C, and Inconel 617 where creep and stress-rupture strength at 900-1000 °C dominates. Both are solid-solution strengthened nickel superalloys with no ageing response, so the choice follows the service environment, the thermal cycle and the stress level rather than strength.

Key Takeaways

• Haynes 230 wins the oxidation, carburisation and thermal-cycling contest. Its Ni-Cr-W-Mo chemistry with a deliberate lanthanum addition pins the protective oxide scale and resists spalling, which is the failure mode that ends the life of furnace and combustor hardware.
• Inconel 617 wins the creep and stress-rupture contest. The cobalt and molybdenum content of the Ni-Cr-Co-Mo system gives it the higher rupture strength in the 900-1000 °C band, so a part whose life is set by sustained load, and not by surface degradation, is normally a 617 part.
• Neither alloy can be strengthened by heat treatment. Both are single-phase, solid-solution strengthened grades, so the only metallurgical levers are solution-annealing temperature, grain size and cold work, and no ageing cycle will recover strength that the design does not already have.
• The two alloys are not interchangeable on a drawing. Thermal expansion, density, creep strength and cost all differ, so a substitution in either direction must be re-verified against the thermal cycle and the stress analysis rather than accepted on the basis of a similar chemistry.
• Domestic and international standard coverage differs sharply. Haynes 230 is a proprietary Haynes International grade covered by AMS and ASTM designations, while Inconel 617 sits in the ASTM B168 family and in the DIN/EN W.Nr. system, so the standard equivalents must be agreed before the order.
• The price premium follows the cobalt and nickel content. Inconel 617 carries a cobalt-bearing chemistry that is more costly to melt and harder to source in bar, so the 2026 reference price for 617 is typically the higher of the two for the same form and size.

Why Haynes 230 and Inconel 617 Are Compared So Often

The two alloys are compared so often because they occupy the same narrow band of the high-temperature map, and a datasheet comparison of the two looks almost interchangeable until the service conditions are examined closely. Both are nickel-base, single-phase, solid-solution strengthened superalloys; both are used between roughly 800 °C and 1150 °C; both resist oxidation and carburisation well; both are weldable with matching filler; and both are supplied in the same product forms, so a furnace builder or a gas turbine designer who names one of them will usually be offered the other as an alternative. There is genuine engineering content in that comparison. A combustion liner, a transition duct, a radiant tube support, a heat-treatment fixture or a thermocouple protection sheath can be made from either alloy, and which one is correct depends on whether the part fails by surface degradation, by creep, or by a thermal fatigue crack.

The reason the two are not truly interchangeable is that their chemistries were designed against different failure modes. Haynes 230 is a nickel-chromium-tungsten-molybdenum alloy with a small but deliberate lanthanum addition, and it was developed to hold a tenacious, slow-growing, spallation-resistant oxide scale under severe thermal cycling. Inconel 617 is a nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy with an aluminium addition, and it was developed to carry load at temperature: the cobalt and molybdenum raise the high-temperature strength of the matrix, and it has established itself as the class reference for stress-rupture performance among the solid-solution nickel alloys in the 900-1000 °C window. Both alloy families are also compared with the wider class of heat-resisting materials, including Incoloy 800H, Hastelloy X, Nimonic 75 and Nimonic 80A, and a buyer who is choosing between 230 and 617 is usually also deciding whether a cheaper alloy in the same class would actually survive the service.

A third reason for the frequent comparison is commercial rather than metallurgical. Haynes 230 is a proprietary grade of Haynes International, while Inconel 617 originated with the INCO organisation and is now produced by several mills; both are quoted by Chinese and international producers against their own standard designations, and both appear in imported stock lists. That means the same requirement can be met from a mill certificate that cites an AMS specification, an ASTM product standard, or a domestic equivalent, and the buyer has to know which route is acceptable. Our nickel and high-temperature alloy range is quoted against the ASTM and AMS designations so that the specification is unambiguous before the enquiry is priced, and the comparison that follows sets out where each alloy should be chosen and where the exception lies.

Composition and the Metallurgy Behind Their Behaviour

The composition of each alloy explains almost everything about its behaviour, and the difference that matters most is not the nickel or chromium level but the refractory and cobalt additions. Haynes 230 is essentially a Ni-22Cr-14W-2Mo alloy with about 0.10 % carbon and a controlled lanthanum addition, while Inconel 617 is a Ni-22Cr-12.5Co-9Mo alloy with about 1.2 % aluminium and a lower carbon level. The tungsten in 230 and the molybdenum in 617 both strengthen the matrix by solid-solution hardening, but tungsten has the lower diffusion rate at temperature, which is why 230 keeps a stable structure and resists grain growth and long-term microstructural degradation extremely well. The cobalt and molybdenum combination in 617, with the aluminium addition that supports a fine internal oxide, produces the higher creep resistance that the gas turbine and nuclear industries rely on.

Element	Haynes 230 (UNS N06230), %	Inconel 617 (UNS N06617), %	Function	Standard source
Ni	balance (typ. 57 min)	balance (typ. 44.5 min)	austenitic matrix	ASTM B435 / ASTM B168
Cr	20.0-24.0 (typ. 22)	20.0-24.0 (typ. 22)	oxidation and corrosion resistance	ASTM B435 / ASTM B168
W	13.0-15.0 (typ. 14)	not specified	matrix strengthening, oxide stability	ASTM B435 / ASTM B572
Mo	1.0-3.0 (typ. 2)	8.0-10.0 (typ. 9)	solid-solution strengthening	ASTM B572 / ASTM B166
Co	5.0 max (typ. 2)	10.0-15.0 (typ. 12.5)	high-temperature strength	ASTM B435 / ASTM B168
Al	0.20-0.50 (typ. 0.35)	0.80-1.50 (typ. 1.2)	oxide formation, internal oxidation	ASTM B435 / ASTM B168
Fe	3.0 max (typ. 1.5)	3.0 max (typ. 1.5)	residual	ASTM B435 / ASTM B168
C	0.05-0.15 (typ. 0.10)	0.05-0.15 (typ. 0.07)	carbide formation, grain boundary control	ASTM B572 / ASTM B166
La	0.005-0.050 (typ. 0.02)	not specified	scale adherence under cycling	ASTM B435
B	0.015 max	0.006 max	grain boundary	ASTM B572 / ASTM B166
Mn	0.30-1.00	1.0 max	deoxidation residual	ASTM B435 / ASTM B168
Si	0.25-0.75	1.0 max	deoxidation residual	ASTM B435 / ASTM B168
Cu	not specified	0.50 max	residual	ASTM B168
Ti	not specified	0.60 max	residual	ASTM B168

Table note: Composition ranges are quoted as typical working windows against the ASTM product standards named in the last column (ASTM B435 for Haynes 230 plate, sheet and strip; ASTM B572 for 230 rod and bar; ASTM B168 for Inconel 617 plate, sheet and strip; ASTM B166 for 617 rod and bar). Where a range is shown as "typ.", the value is the typical commercial mid-range and is not a standard minimum; the controlling composition is the one printed in the edition of the standard named on the purchase order, and any tighter window should be agreed in writing.

Three metallurgical consequences follow from the table, and they decide most real selections. First, the lanthanum addition in 230 is a rare-earth addition of only a few hundredths of a percent, but it changes the oxidation behaviour qualitatively rather than quantitatively: it improves the adhesion of the chromia scale to the substrate, so the scale resists spalling when the part is cycled between temperature extremes, and the part therefore survives a thermal cycle count that would strip a less well anchored scale. Second, the tungsten level in 230 is what makes the alloy so microstructurally stable: because tungsten diffuses slowly, the carbides and the grain structure persist through long exposures, and the alloy resists the grain coarsening that softens and embrittles some heat-resisting grades after thousands of hours. Third, the cobalt and molybdenum in 617 are what produce the highest stress-rupture strength in the class, but they also make the alloy more expensive to melt, more sensitive to cobalt supply, and heavier in alloying cost, which is why 617 is normally chosen only where that strength is genuinely needed.

Oxidation, Carburisation and Nitriding Resistance Compared

Both alloys resist high-temperature oxidation well, but they resist different atmospheres in a different order, and the comparison is best made environment by environment rather than as a single ranking. In clean, dry, cyclic air above about 1000 °C, Haynes 230 is the stronger choice: its scale adheres better, spalls less under repeated cycling, and it tolerates the very high temperature excursions that occur in an afterburner, a reheat combustor or a furnace hot zone. Inconel 617 is also oxidation resistant to a similar ceiling temperature, but its advantage lies in the presence of load rather than in the absence of scaling, and its scale is generally considered slightly less tolerant of severe cyclic conditions than 230's. Where the atmosphere contains carbon, the ranking narrows and both alloys perform well, because a continuous chromia scale also acts as a barrier to carbon ingress; 230's greater microstructural stability gives it an edge in long carburising exposures in cracked-gas, ethylene and heat-treat atmospheres, where coke deposition and carbon diffusion can otherwise embrittle a heat-resisting alloy.

Service environment	Haynes 230	Inconel 617	Practical implication	Basis
Cyclic oxidation in air, ~1000-1150 °C	excellent, scale adheres, minimal spalling	very good, slightly lower cyclic tolerance	230 preferred for cycled hot zones	ASTM G54 practice / mill data
Continuous oxidation in air, ~900-1000 °C	excellent	excellent	either alloy acceptable	typical oxidation data
Carburising atmosphere (CO, cracked gas, endothermic)	very good, resists carbon ingress and coke	good, adequate with scale intact	230 preferred for long carburising life	typical exposure data
Nitriding / ammonia-bearing atmosphere	very good, resists nitride formation	good	230 preferred in nitriding furnaces	typical exposure data
Sulphidising / reducing sulphur atmosphere	limited; both need evaluation	limited; both need evaluation	neither is a sulphidation alloy	project corrosion study
Molten salt, vanadium or low-melting ash	not recommended without evaluation	not recommended without evaluation	change alloy family or apply coating	project corrosion study
Thermal cycling and thermal fatigue	excellent; lower expansion and stable scale	good; higher expansion adds strain	230 preferred for frequent cycling	typical expansion data
Boiler and superheater steam oxidation	good	very good	617 for high-pressure steam service	typical steam-side data

Table note: The ratings are comparative engineering guidance for the two alloys against each other and are not standard minimum properties; the governing requirements are the project's corrosion study and, where a test is required, the procedures of ASTM G54 for cyclic oxidation testing together with the mill data for the specific heat. The pattern to carry away is that oxidation, carburisation and nitriding failures are surface-driven, and that the alloy with the better anchored scale and the more stable microstructure therefore wins whenever the failure mode is attack from the atmosphere rather than deformation under load.

The nitriding case is worth separating out, because it is a common furnace problem that is often misdiagnosed as oxidation. In an ammonia-bearing or nitrogen-rich furnace atmosphere, nitrogen diffuses into the alloy and forms nitrides that embrittle the surface and can crack the protective scale from beneath; the alloys that resist this best are those with a stable, slow-growing scale and a matrix that resists internal precipitation, which in this pair favours Haynes 230. A heat-treatment fixture that has failed with a hard, brittle, cracked surface layer after service in a nitriding furnace has usually failed by nitriding, not by scaling, and switching from a cheaper heat-resisting alloy to 230 is a more effective remedy than increasing the section thickness. Where the atmosphere contains sulphur, and especially where the oxygen partial pressure is low, neither alloy should be regarded as safe without a corrosion assessment, because sulphidation can consume even these chemistries at a rate that makes section loss, not scale spalling, the life-limiting mechanism.

A final practical point on the oxidation comparison is that the two alloys respond differently to contamination. Alkali metal salts and vanadium-bearing ash from low-grade fuels or from certain refractories can flux the protective scale and accelerate attack far beyond the clean-air rate, and under those conditions the ranking between 230 and 617 becomes irrelevant next to the effect of the contaminant. Fuel quality, refractory selection and the cleanliness of the furnace atmosphere should therefore be fixed before the alloy is chosen, because an alloy selection made on clean-air data and applied in a contaminated atmosphere will disappoint whichever of the two is bought. Where the duty involves both oxidation and creep, the sections that follow separate the two mechanisms and give the selection rule for each.

Creep, Stress Rupture and Thermal Fatigue in the 900-1000 °C Band

Inconel 617 wins the creep and stress-rupture comparison, and it wins it most clearly in the 900-1000 °C band where the alloy was designed to operate. The cobalt and molybdenum in the matrix raise the resistance of the alloy to slow deformation under sustained load, and the stress-rupture life of 617 at a given temperature and stress is typically longer than that of Haynes 230, with the gap widening as the temperature rises towards 1000 °C. Haynes 230 is by no means weak in this respect, and it is the equal of 617 in many lower-stress furnace duties, but a component whose design is governed by a stress-rupture calculation in the 900-1000 °C window should normally be made from 617 unless an oxidation or carburisation argument overrides the creep calculation. Below about 800 °C, where the applied stresses are usually lower in furnace and combustion hardware, the difference narrows and the selection is more often decided by oxidation, fabrication or cost.

Condition	Haynes 230 (typical)	Inconel 617 (typical)	Note	Basis
Stress to rupture in 1,000 h at 800 °C	~ 90-120 MPa	~ 110-140 MPa	617 advantage modest	ASTM E139 practice
Stress to rupture in 1,000 h at 900 °C	~ 45-65 MPa	~ 60-85 MPa	617 advantage clear	ASTM E139 practice
Stress to rupture in 1,000 h at 982 °C	~ 25-40 MPa	~ 30-45 MPa	617 advantage clear	ASTM E139 practice
Stress to rupture in 100 h at 1,000 °C	~ 40-55 MPa	~ 45-65 MPa	both limited, thin sections help	ASTM E139 practice
Minimum creep rate at 900 °C	higher than 617	lower	617 preferred for strain-limited parts	ASTM E139 practice
Relaxation of bolted joints at 800 °C	good	very good	617 preferred for hot bolting	typical relaxation data
Thermal fatigue under rapid cycling	very good; lower expansion	good; higher expansion	230 preferred for cycling	typical expansion data
Grain growth after 5,000 h at 1,000 °C	very resistant	resistant	230 slightly more stable	mill metallurgical data

Table note: The figures are typical indicative ranges assembled from commercial mill data for these two grades and are not standard minimum properties; creep and stress-rupture testing is performed to the procedures of ASTM E139 for creep, creep-rupture and stress-rupture testing and ASTM E21 for elevated-temperature tension testing, and the values that govern a design are those in the qualified data set and in the applicable design code. Where a number is described as typical it must be verified for the specific heat, product form and section size before it is used in a calculation.

The thermal fatigue comparison runs the other way, and it is the second mechanism that decides many real parts. Haynes 230 has the lower coefficient of thermal expansion of the two, with a typical value around 12 to 13 µm/m·K over the range to 800 °C against roughly 13 to 14 µm/m·K for Inconel 617, and a lower expansion means less strain is imposed on the part for the same temperature swing. Combined with the better scale adherence, that lower expansion is why 230 is the preferred grade for components that see frequent thermal cycling, such as a combustor that is started and stopped daily, a furnace door or a fixture that is quenched and reheated, or an exhaust component that is alternately hot and cold. Thermal fatigue is a strain-controlled rather than a stress-controlled mechanism, so a material that expands less and holds its oxide better can outperform a stronger material in a cycled service, and this is the single most common reason a designer chooses 230 over 617.

A third mechanism deserves a mention because it is often forgotten. Both alloys are austenitic and neither should be used in a service where thermal shock is severe enough to produce fast fracture, and neither has the low-ductility tolerance of a cast heat-resisting alloy at very high temperature; the practical consequence is that thin sections and generous radii remain the first line of defence in both cases. Where the part is a large welded fabrication that will be cycled, the weld metal and the heat-affected zone usually crack before the parent metal does, so the fabrication sequence and the weld quality matter more than the small difference in parent metal properties between the two grades. Comments on how these grades behave in real furnace and turbine service are collected in our news and technical notes.

Mechanical Properties and the Heat Treatment Both Alloys Need

Neither alloy can be strengthened by precipitation hardening, so the mechanical properties of both are set by the solution-annealing treatment, the grain size that it produces, and any cold work that is subsequently introduced. Haynes 230 is normally supplied solution annealed at about 1200-1250 °C and rapidly cooled, and Inconel 617 at about 1150-1200 °C, also with a rapid cool; the rapid cool is essential because these alloys are prone to carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries if they are allowed to cool slowly through the 600-900 °C range, and a slow-cooled material can show reduced ductility and toughness even though its tensile strength looks acceptable. Because there is no ageing response to exploit, the only way to raise the room-temperature strength of either grade is cold work, and cold work is normally confined to sheet, strip and wire where it can be controlled, with a subsequent anneal to restore ductility where the service needs it.

Property (typical, solution annealed)	Haynes 230	Inconel 617	Test basis
Tensile strength at 20 °C	~ 860 MPa	~ 750 MPa	ASTM E8
0.2 % yield strength at 20 °C	~ 380 MPa	~ 360 MPa	ASTM E8
Elongation at 20 °C	~ 45-50 %	~ 45-55 %	ASTM E8
Tensile strength at 800 °C	~ 480-520 MPa	~ 450-500 MPa	ASTM E21
0.2 % yield strength at 800 °C	~ 260-300 MPa	~ 250-290 MPa	ASTM E21
Hardness	~ 20-25 HRC typical	~ 85-95 HRB typical	ASTM E18
Density	~ 8.97 g/cm³	~ 8.36 g/cm³	physical property data
Melting range	~ 1300-1370 °C	~ 1330-1380 °C	physical property data
Modulus of elasticity at 20 °C	~ 211 GPa	~ 207 GPa	physical property data

Table note: All values are typical room-temperature and elevated-temperature figures for the annealed condition and are not standard minima; the mechanical requirements that bind a delivery are those of the product standard named on the order (ASTM B435, B572 or AMS 5878 for Haynes 230, and ASTM B168, B166 or AMS 5887 for Inconel 617), verified by tension testing to ASTM E8 at room temperature and ASTM E21 at elevated temperature. The practical point is comparative: the two alloys are close enough in tensile properties that tensile data alone will not decide a selection, and the deciding properties are the creep, fatigue and environmental ones.

Heat treatment step	Haynes 230	Inconel 617	Purpose	Basis
Solution anneal, typical	~ 1200-1250 °C, rapid cool or quench	~ 1150-1200 °C, rapid cool or quench	dissolve carbides, restore ductility	ASTM B435 / ASTM B168
Ageing treatment	none; no precipitation hardening response	none; no precipitation hardening response	not applicable	grade metallurgy
Stress relief after welding	not normally required	not normally required	residual stress control only	fabrication practice
Stress relief after cold forming	anneal rather than stress relieve	anneal rather than stress relieve	restore ductility and formability	fabrication practice
Cooling medium	water quench or rapid air, section dependent	water quench or rapid air, section dependent	avoid carbide precipitation	mill practice
Post-weld heat treatment	generally not required	generally not required	weld condition is normally as-welded	fabrication practice
Pickling after anneal	mixed acid pickling where required	mixed acid pickling where required	remove scale and oxide	fabrication practice
Cold work for extra strength	only where the design permits	only where the design permits	the only hardening mechanism	grade metallurgy

Table note: The heat treatment windows are typical mill and fabrication practice rather than standard requirements in themselves; the controlling requirements are the anneal condition specified in the product standard named on the order and any additional requirement agreed with the purchaser. The single most important caution is that a slow cool through the carbide-precipitation range should be avoided for both grades, because a material that is correct in chemistry and wrong in cooling rate can fail a bend or an impact test, and the remedy is a properly controlled anneal rather than a re-test of the same material.

Fabrication, Welding and Machining Compared

Both alloys fabricate in much the same way as an austenitic stainless steel but with heavier springback, more work hardening and a greater sensitivity to heat input, and the practical differences between them are small enough that the fabrication route is rarely the reason for choosing one over the other. The main consideration is that both grades are generally joined with a matching or a closely compatible nickel-base filler metal, and that the weld metal should be chosen for the service rather than only for strength: a 617 weldment is normally made with the matching cobalt-bearing nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum filler, and a 230 weldment with a matching nickel-chromium-tungsten filler, with the classifications confirmed against the current edition of AWS A5.14 before the welding procedure is written. Where dissimilar joints are required, a high-nickel consumable such as the 625-class filler is often used as a compromise, and the joint should then be treated as a dissimilar weld for corrosion and thermal-expansion purposes.

Fabrication step	Haynes 230	Inconel 617	Guidance	Basis
Filler metal class	matching Ni-Cr-W nickel-base filler	matching Ni-Cr-Co-Mo nickel-base filler	confirm classification to the current edition	AWS A5.14
Welding processes	GTAW, GMAW, SMAW, SAW	GTAW, GMAW, SMAW, SAW	low heat input, clean joint faces	fabrication practice
Pre-heat	not required	not required	austenitic grades	fabrication practice
Post-weld heat treatment	not normally required	not normally required	required only by contract	fabrication practice
Machining	work hardens; sharp tools, light cuts	work hardens; sharp tools, light cuts	carbide tooling, generous coolant	fabrication practice
Forming	high springback; anneal between operations	high springback; anneal between operations	cold form in the annealed condition	fabrication practice
Pickling and cleaning	acid pickle to remove heat tint	acid pickle to remove heat tint	remove all oxide before service	fabrication practice
Weld inspection	RT or PT where specified	RT or PT where specified	agree the acceptance criteria	project specification

Table note: The table describes normal shop practice for these two grades and is not a welding specification; the governing documents are the qualified welding procedure, the filler metal standard AWS A5.14 and the project's fabrication specification, and any weld that will operate above about 600 °C should be qualified with the actual consumable and heat input to be used. The most common fabrication failure with these alloys is not the weld itself but the heat tint and the oxide left on the surface: an unremoved oxide layer can act as a site for premature attack in service, so cleaning and pickling should be written into the itinerary rather than left to the shop.

Machining deserves a specific warning because both grades work harden rapidly and a heavy cut on a work-hardened surface will simply blunt the tool and raise the hardness further. The standard remedies are a rigid setup, a sharp and positive cutting edge, a depth of cut that stays below the work-hardened layer rather than skimming it, generous power and coolant, and a programme of light finishing passes. Both alloys also have low thermal conductivity in comparison with carbon steel, so heat concentrates at the cutting edge and the tool life is short unless speeds and feeds are reduced relative to stainless steel practice. Where the component is a thin furnace fixture or a combustor panel, the distortion introduced by machining and welding is often more damaging than the material choice, and the sequence of operations should be planned so that the final close-tolerance features are cut after the welding and the anneal, not before.

Availability, Cost and Product Forms in 2026

Availability and cost follow the alloy content, and here the two grades separate more clearly than they do on the property tables. Inconel 617 contains cobalt at roughly 12.5 % and molybdenum at roughly 9 %, both of which are costly and both of which are subject to their own supply cycles, so the 617 price is higher than the 230 price in the same form and size; Haynes 230 uses tungsten rather than cobalt for its matrix strengthening and its cobalt level is low, so its alloying cost is a little more stable, although tungsten prices move as well. The tungsten content also makes 230 the denser of the two, so a component designed by weight rather than by strength will be heavier in 230, and a component designed by volume will consume slightly more material cost per unit volume in 230 even where the price per kilogram is lower. Availability differs by form: both are produced in plate, sheet, strip, bar and wire, and both are produced as seamless and welded tube and pipe, but 617 bar and heavy plate are made by fewer mills, which affects the lead time and the minimum order more than the price.

Form	Alloy	Reference range, 2026, EXW Shanghai, USD/kg	Availability note	Basis
Plate, 3-20 mm	Haynes 230	USD 55-95/kg	good; standard mill sizes	2026, EXW Shanghai, reference range only
Plate, 3-20 mm	Inconel 617	USD 60-105/kg	moderate; fewer mills roll heavy plate	2026, EXW Shanghai, reference range only
Sheet and strip	Haynes 230	USD 60-110/kg	good; cold rolled to standard widths	2026, EXW Shanghai, reference range only
Sheet and strip	Inconel 617	USD 65-120/kg	moderate	2026, EXW Shanghai, reference range only
Bar, 20-200 mm	Haynes 230	USD 60-115/kg	good; peeled or ground finish	2026, EXW Shanghai, reference range only
Bar, 20-200 mm	Inconel 617	USD 70-130/kg	limited; longer lead time	2026, EXW Shanghai, reference range only
Seamless tube	Haynes 230	USD 85-150/kg	made to order	2026, EXW Shanghai, reference range only
Seamless tube	Inconel 617	USD 95-170/kg	made to order, longer lead time	2026, EXW Shanghai, reference range only
Welding wire and filler rod	both grades	quotation by size and spool	matching filler required	2026, EXW Shanghai, reference range only
Machined or formed component	both grades	quotation by drawing	added value by machining	2026, EXW Shanghai, reference range only

Table note: Reference ranges only, 2026, EXW Shanghai, in USD per kilogram, and subject to movement in the nickel, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum and tungsten markets; these figures are indicative and are not a quotation, and the contract that governs is the one signed with the supplier. Delivered price depends on quantity, form, size, heat treatment condition, test scope, documentation, tolerance and delivery terms, and small quantities of an exotic form carry a price well above the top of the range because the setup cost is spread over less material. Because the two alloys differ by only a modest amount in price, the cost of a failed component normally outweighs the price difference between them, so the selection should be made on the technical decision and then priced, not the reverse.

Three procurement notes complete the practical picture. First, the inquiry should state the alloy by UNS number and by the product standard, because a request for "230" or "617" alone leaves the form, the condition and the certification undefined. Second, where the design has been made on the basis of published creep data, the mill should be asked to confirm the heat treatment condition and the grain size of the delivered product, because both affect the creep and fatigue behaviour and neither is fully controlled by the chemistry alone. Third, documentation requirements should be fixed at the inquiry stage: an inspection document to EN 10204 3.1 with 3.2 where independent endorsement is needed, and positive material identification on receipt, because these two grades are visually indistinguishable from each other and from several cheaper heat-resisting alloys once the marking is lost. Our Hastelloy and refractory-alloy range covers the grades used where a sulphidising atmosphere rules out both of these alloys, and commentary on the supply of heat-resisting grades by quarter is published in our news and buying guides.

Selection Decision: Where Each Alloy Wins and Where It Does Not

Stated as a decision rule, Haynes 230 wins wherever the failure mode is attack from the atmosphere or strain from thermal cycling, and Inconel 617 wins wherever the failure mode is deformation under sustained load at temperature. That rule resolves most real cases without a lengthy analysis. A furnace muffler, a radiant-tube support, a heat-treatment fixture, a nitriding basket, a thermocouple sheath or a thermally cycled combustor panel is normally a 230 part, because its life is set by scaling, carburisation or cyclic cracking rather than by creep extension. A high-temperature gas duct or combustor component that carries a significant sustained load at 950 °C, a hot high-pressure steam pipe, a component with a stress-rupture design calculation, or a bolted joint that must retain preload at temperature is normally a 617 part, because its life is set by creep and relaxation and the oxidation margin of 230 would not compensate for the shortfall in rupture strength.

Service situation	Recommended alloy	Reason	Exception to watch	Standard basis
Combustor liner, cyclic operation to 1100 °C	Haynes 230	cyclic oxidation and low expansion	a creep-limited liner may need 617	AMS 5878 / ASTM B435
Combustor or duct with sustained load at 950 °C	Inconel 617	highest creep strength in class	thin sections can still use 230	ASTM B168 / AMS 5887
Industrial furnace hot zone, carburising	Haynes 230	carburisation and coke resistance	very high sulphur needs another family	ASTM B435 / B572
Nitriding furnace fixture	Haynes 230	resists nitride embrittlement	confirm by exposure test	ASTM B435 / B572
Heat-treatment fixture, repeated quench	Haynes 230	thermal fatigue and stable structure	heavy load needs 617	ASTM B435 / B572
High-pressure superheater tube to 700 °C	Inconel 617	steam-side oxidation and creep	check code allowances	ASTM B167 / B168
Hot bolting and fasteners	Inconel 617	relaxation resistance	check code stress limits	ASTM B166 / AMS 5887
Thermocouple sheath	Haynes 230	oxidation and carburisation	thin wall favours 230	ASTM B435
Sulphidising, low-oxygen atmosphere	neither	both are vulnerable	use a high-Mo or Co-base alloy	project corrosion study
Molten salt or molten aluminium contact	neither	both attacked	use an engineered coating or ceramic	project corrosion study

Table note: The table is engineering guidance for selection between these two grades and is not a substitute for the project's material selection document, the design code or a corrosion study; the standards column names the product standards under which the recommended grade is normally supplied. The exception column carries the important content: the recommendation holds only while the assumed failure mode is the governing one, and a change in the duty, such as a higher sustained stress, a thicker quench, a dirtier fuel or a different atmosphere, can move the correct answer to the other alloy.

The exception cases deserve to be stated plainly, because they are where a substitution goes wrong. The first exception is a creep-limited component in an oxidising service: if the stress-rupture calculation shows that 230 is marginal, the correct answer is 617 even though the atmosphere favours 230, because a component that deforms out of tolerance has failed just as completely as one that has scaled away. The second is a cyclically loaded component in a creep-dominated service: if a 617 part is cracking at a weld or a change of section under daily cycling, the fix is often to redesign the detail or to move to 230, because higher creep strength does not help a strain-controlled thermal fatigue failure. The third is the contaminated atmosphere: where sulphur, vanadium or molten salt is present, neither grade should be used without an assessment, and the correct answer is a different alloy family or a coating rather than a more expensive version of the same choice. The fourth is a large welded fabrication with limited qualification time, where the alloy that the fabricator and the welders have a qualified procedure for is often the commercially correct answer, provided the technical requirement is met by both.

Standard Cross-Reference Across the ASTM, GB, JIS, DIN/EN and GOST Systems

The two grades are described by different standard systems, and the cross-reference matters because a Chinese purchase order, a European end-user specification and an American drawing may each name the same alloy in a different way. Haynes 230 is a proprietary Haynes International grade, so its primary descriptions are the AMS and ASTM product standards, and it has no long-established DIN W.Nr. of its own; the Chinese superalloy grade GH3230 is the closest domestic analogue in the GB/T 14992 designation system, and it should be treated as a similar grade rather than as a drop-in equivalent. Inconel 617 is described by ASTM B168 for plate, sheet and strip and by ASTM B166 for rod and bar, and it also appears in the European system as the wrought nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum grades W.Nr. 2.4733 and W.Nr. 2.4663, which makes it easier to source against a European specification than 230. The table sets out the cross-reference for the five systems, with the caveat that similar grades are not identical grades and that a substitution across systems must be confirmed on chemistry, condition and mechanical properties rather than on the designation alone.

System	Haynes 230 (UNS N06230)	Inconel 617 (UNS N06617)	Notes on equivalence
US, ASTM/ASME	ASTM B435, ASTM B572, ASME SB435, ASME SB572	ASTM B168, ASTM B166, ASTM B167, ASME SB168, ASME SB166	product standards by form; ASME designations are the Section II equivalents
US, AMS	AMS 5878	AMS 5887	aerospace material specifications; confirm the scope and revision
China, GB	GB/T 14992 grade GH3230 as the closest analogue; GB/T 14993, GB/T 14994, GB/T 14995 and GB/T 14996 for bars and plate by form	no GB/T 14992 grade of identical chemistry in general use; procured to the ASTM or AMS designation	confirm the exact GB grade and condition with the mill before substitution
Japan, JIS	JIS G 4901, JIS G 4902, JIS G 4903, JIS G 4904 by form; NCF-series grade designation to be confirmed	same JIS heat-resisting alloy standards by form	JIS designations are confirmed per the current edition of the standard
Europe, DIN/EN	no dedicated DIN W.Nr.; supplied to the ASTM or AMS designation; composition guidance via DIN 17744	W.Nr. 2.4733 (NiCr22Co12Mo9) and W.Nr. 2.4663 (NiCr23Co12Mo)	DIN 17744 gives wrought nickel alloy composition; EN 10204 gives document types
Russia and CIS, GOST	GOST 5632 grade of the KhN series to be confirmed	GOST 5632 grade of the KhN series to be confirmed	GOST 5632 covers corrosion- and heat-resistant alloys; GOST 7769 covers cast grades
Test methods	ASTM E8, ASTM E21, ASTM E139, ASTM E18, ASTM G54, EN 10204	ASTM E8, ASTM E21, ASTM E139, ASTM E18, ASTM G54, EN 10204	common to both grades regardless of the product standard

Table note: The cross-reference is given for procurement guidance and not as an assertion that the grades are interchangeable; the standards listed are cited by designation and scope, and where a specific edition is not quoted the controlling edition is the one named on the purchase order. A similar grade in the GB, JIS, DIN or GOST system may differ in carbon, cobalt, tungsten, aluminium or rare-earth content, in grain size, and in the acceptable range of mechanical properties, so an equivalent designation must be verified against the required chemistry and mechanical data before it is accepted on a drawing or in a purchase order.

The substitution rule that follows from the table is simple and worth restating. When a part is being moved from one national system to another, the comparison should be made on the complete requirement rather than on the designation: the chemistry within the limits of the receiving standard, the heat treatment condition, the grain size, the mechanical properties at room and service temperature, the creep data where the design depends on it, and the certification. A supplier who is asked to quote an equivalent should be asked to state the standard under which the material will be certified and to provide the composition and mechanical data for comparison, so that the buyer can see the differences rather than infer them. Our Inconel and 617-class range and our Incoloy and 800-class range are quoted this way, with the standard and the condition stated on the quotation, and our knowledge base explains how the nickel-alloy designation systems correspond to each other.

Standard Index

Standard	Title / scope	Covers	Form
ASTM B435	Nickel-chromium-tungsten-molybdenum alloy (UNS N06230) plate, sheet and strip	composition + mechanical	plate, sheet, strip
ASTM B572	UNS N06002, N06230 and N12160 rod and bar	composition + mechanical	rod, bar
ASTM B622	Seamless nickel and nickel-cobalt alloy pipe and tube	composition + mechanical	seamless pipe, tube
ASTM B619	Welded nickel and nickel-cobalt alloy pipe	composition + mechanical	welded pipe
ASTM B626	Welded nickel and nickel-cobalt alloy tube	composition + mechanical	welded tube
ASTM B168	Nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy (UNS N06617) plate, sheet and strip	composition + mechanical	plate, sheet, strip
ASTM B166	Nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy (UNS N06617) rod and bar	composition + mechanical	rod, bar
ASTM B167	Nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy (UNS N06617) seamless pipe and tube	composition + mechanical	seamless pipe, tube
ASTM B564	Nickel alloy forgings	composition + mechanical	forging, flange, fitting
AMS 5878	Corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy sheet, strip and plate (N06230)	composition + mechanical	sheet, strip, plate
AMS 5887	Corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy bars, forgings and rings (N06617)	composition + mechanical	bar, forging
ASTM E8	Tension testing of metallic materials	test method	all forms
ASTM E21	Elevated-temperature tension testing of metallic materials	test method	all forms
ASTM E139	Creep, creep-rupture and stress-rupture testing	test method	all forms
ASTM E18	Rockwell hardness testing	test method	all forms
ASTM G54	Simple static oxidation testing	test method	all forms
GB/T 14992	Classification and designation of superalloys	designation system	all forms
GB/T 14993 / GB/T 14994	Deformed superalloy bars	composition + mechanical	bar
JIS G 4901 / JIS G 4902	Heat-resisting alloy bars and plates	composition + mechanical	bar, plate
DIN 17744	Wrought nickel alloys, chemical composition	composition	all wrought forms
EN 10204	Inspection document types (2.2, 3.1, 3.2)	inspection documents	all forms
GOST 5632	Corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and high-alloy steels and alloys	grades and composition	all wrought forms
GOST 7769	Heat-resistant cast alloys	grades and composition	castings
ISO 9001	Quality management systems	system certification	all forms

Table note: Standards are listed by number and scope, and where an edition year is not quoted the latest edition applies and the controlling edition is the one named on the purchase order; the list separates product standards, which define the alloy, the form and the condition, from test methods, which define how the properties are verified, and from designation and document standards, which define how the material is named and certified. A purchase order for either grade should therefore name the grade by UNS number, the product standard, the product form and size, the heat treatment condition, the test scope and the inspection document type, because omitting any of them leaves part of the article undefined.

FAQ

Q1: Haynes 230 or Inconel 617 for a gas turbine combustor?

It depends on which mechanism limits the liner's life. If the liner is cycled frequently and the damage appears as oxidation, spalling or thermal fatigue cracking, Haynes 230 is normally the better choice, because its lanthanum-bearing chemistry holds the oxide scale under cycling and its lower coefficient of thermal expansion imposes less strain on the part. If the liner carries a significant sustained load and the design is checked by a stress-rupture calculation in the 900-1000 °C band, Inconel 617 is normally the better choice, because it has the higher creep and rupture strength of the two and will hold its shape for longer at the same stress. Many combustor components in practice are a compromise: 617 where the stress is high and the temperature is uniform, 230 where the temperature swings are large and the sections are thin. Where the duty includes both a high sustained load and a severe cycle, the correct answer is usually to redesign the detail so that one mechanism dominates, and then to select the alloy for that mechanism.

Q2: Is Haynes 230 stronger than Inconel 617 at high temperature?

No, and this is the single most common misunderstanding about the pair. At room temperature the two are close, with Haynes 230 showing a slightly higher tensile and yield strength in the annealed condition, but the ranking reverses as the temperature rises. Inconel 617 has the higher stress-rupture strength through the 900-1000 °C band, which is the band where both alloys are typically used, and it also shows better resistance to relaxation, which matters for bolted joints and for components that must hold a dimension under load. The reason is metallurgical: the cobalt and molybdenum in 617 strengthen the matrix against slow deformation more effectively than the tungsten in 230, whereas the tungsten in 230 gives it greater microstructural stability and better scale adherence. The practical consequence is that strength alone should never decide between them, and a design that is governed by creep should be checked against 617 data even if the atmosphere appears to favour 230.

Q3: Which alloy resists carburisation better?

Haynes 230 is generally the better performer in carburising atmospheres, and the margin comes from two effects. First, a continuous chromium oxide scale acts as a barrier to carbon ingress, and 230 forms and retains that scale particularly well under the fluctuating conditions found in cracked-gas, ethylene and heat-treatment furnaces. Second, the tungsten-stabilised microstructure of 230 resists the long-term changes that exposure to carbon at temperature can cause, so the alloy retains its ductility better over thousands of hours. Inconel 617 also resists carburisation adequately, and it is not uncommon for a 617 component to run for years in a carburising atmosphere, particularly where the temperature is moderate and the atmosphere is not heavily carbon-rich. The caution is that carburisation is often accompanied by coke deposition, carbon diffusion and, in some furnaces, sulphur, and the presence of sulphur changes the picture entirely: in a low-oxygen sulphidising atmosphere neither of these alloys should be used without a corrosion assessment, and a high-molybdenum or cobalt-base alloy may be required.

Q4: Can Inconel 617 be substituted for Haynes 230 on a drawing?

Not without an engineering review. The two alloys are similar enough to be proposed as alternatives and different enough that a straight substitution can fail. The differences that matter are the lower thermal expansion and better scale adherence of 230 against the higher creep strength of 617, plus a density difference of roughly seven per cent and a price difference in favour of 230 for most forms. Moving from 230 to 617 raises the creep strength but increases the thermal strain imposed on the part, because a higher expansion coefficient produces more strain for the same temperature swing, so a cyclically loaded part may crack sooner even though it is stronger on paper. Moving from 617 to 230 reduces the thermal strain but lowers the creep strength, so a stress-limited part may deform out of tolerance. Either substitution should be checked against the thermal cycle, the stress analysis, the weight budget and the corrosion environment, and the change should be recorded rather than treated as a routine materials swap.

Q5: What is the maximum service temperature of each alloy?

Both alloys are used to about 1150 °C in favourable circumstances, but the highest usable temperature depends on the mechanism. For oxidation resistance, Haynes 230 is commonly quoted for continuous service up to roughly 1150 °C and for cyclic service somewhat lower, with the cyclic limit governed by scale spalling and by the mechanical load rather than by the chemistry. Inconel 617 is normally quoted for continuous service to about 1100 °C, and its strength advantage extends through the 900-1000 °C range where the alloy is used in gas turbines, in high-temperature heat exchangers and in high-temperature process plant. Neither figure is a licence to operate at that temperature in every atmosphere: carburising, nitriding, sulphidising and salt-bearing environments each reduce the usable temperature, and thin sections, high stresses and frequent cycling reduce it further. The correct maximum service temperature for a specific component comes from the design calculation and the corrosion study, not from the datasheet headline, and it should be confirmed with the mill when the material is ordered.

Q6: What are the UNS numbers and the standard equivalents of the two alloys?

Haynes 230 is UNS N06230, a nickel-chromium-tungsten-molybdenum alloy supplied under ASTM B435 for plate, sheet and strip and ASTM B572 for rod and bar, with the ASME equivalents ASME SB435 and ASME SB572, and with AMS 5878 as the aerospace material specification for sheet, strip and plate. Inconel 617 is UNS N06617, a nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy supplied under ASTM B168 for plate, sheet and strip, ASTM B166 for rod and bar and ASTM B167 for seamless pipe and tube, with AMS 5887 covering bars, forgings and rings. In the European system, 617 is described by the wrought nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum grades W.Nr. 2.4733 and W.Nr. 2.4663, while 230 has no dedicated DIN W.Nr. and is normally certified to the American designation. In the Chinese system, GH3230 to GB/T 14992 is the closest analogue to 230, and 617 has no GB/T 14992 grade of identical chemistry in general use, so the requirement must be quoted to the ASTM or AMS designation with the composition and condition stated.

Q7: How do the two alloys behave in a nitriding furnace?

Nitriding atmospheres attack a heat-resisting alloy from beneath its scale: nitrogen diffuses into the surface, forms nitrides, embrittles the affected layer and can crack the protective scale so that oxidation then proceeds faster than it otherwise would. Haynes 230 resists this better than Inconel 617, because its scale is more adherent and its microstructure resists internal precipitation more strongly, so fixtures and baskets that must survive repeated nitriding cycles are usually made from 230. The failure signature is characteristic: a hard, brittle, cracked surface layer with subsurface nitride needles, and a loss of ductility that shows up as cracking at corners and at weld toes rather than as general thinning. Increasing the section thickness is a poor remedy, because the embrittled layer grows inward and the crack simply starts deeper. The better remedies are to choose 230, to reduce the number of cycles where the process allows, to avoid excessive temperatures, and in severe cases to consider a protective coating or a ceramic or cast heat-resisting component.

Q8: Which alloy is better for heat treatment fixtures and quenched components?

For fixtures that are loaded, heated and quenched repeatedly, Haynes 230 is normally the better choice, because thermal fatigue is a strain-controlled mechanism and 230 imposes less strain for a given temperature swing thanks to its lower coefficient of thermal expansion, and because its scale survives the cycle without spalling. Inconel 617 is preferred where the fixture carries a heavy sustained load at high temperature, such as a large loaded grid or a support that must not creep out of shape over a long campaign, because its creep strength is higher. In practice, a fixture package often uses both: 230 for the trays, baskets and thin sections that see the thermal cycling, and 617 for the loaded beams and supports that set the dimensional accuracy of the whole assembly. The choice should also consider the quench medium, because a fast water or polymer quench imposes a much larger thermal shock than still air, and the more severe the quench, the stronger the case for the lower-expansion alloy.

Q9: Do Haynes 230 and Inconel 617 need heat treatment, and can they be hardened?

Neither alloy can be hardened by heat treatment, because neither relies on precipitation of a strengthening phase: both are solid-solution strengthened and remain single-phase austenitic alloys in service. Haynes 230 is normally supplied solution annealed at about 1200-1250 °C with a rapid cool and Inconel 617 at about 1150-1200 °C with a rapid cool, and the rapid cool is important because both grades can precipitate carbides at grain boundaries if they are cooled slowly through the 600-900 °C range, which reduces ductility and toughness. No ageing treatment follows, and post-weld heat treatment is generally not required, although a stress-relief anneal may be specified for dimensional control on a large fabrication. The only practical way to raise the strength of either alloy above its annealed level is cold work, which is normally applied to sheet, strip and wire and is followed by an anneal where the service requires full ductility. A purchaser should therefore specify the anneal condition rather than ask for a strength level, because the strength follows from the condition and the grain size.

Q10: How well do these alloys weld, and which filler metal should be used?

Both alloys weld readily by the common arc processes, including gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc, shielded metal arc and submerged arc welding, and neither requires pre-heat because both are austenitic. The important choices are the filler metal and the heat input. A Haynes 230 weldment is normally made with a matching nickel-chromium-tungsten nickel-base filler, and an Inconel 617 weldment with a matching nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum filler such as the cobalt-bearing class designated under AWS A5.14, with the exact designation confirmed against the current edition of that standard before the procedure is written. Where a dissimilar joint is required, a high-nickel consumable of the 625 class is often used, and the joint should then be treated as a dissimilar weld for corrosion and expansion purposes. Heat input should be kept low, interpass temperature controlled, and the oxide heat tint removed by pickling or grinding, because a retained oxide layer can act as an initiation site for attack in service. Welds that will operate above about 600 °C should be qualified with the consumable and heat input actually to be used.

Q11: How do I verify that the material delivered is the alloy I ordered?

Verify it by positive material identification on receipt, because these two grades are visually indistinguishable from each other and from several cheaper heat-resisting alloys once the original marking is lost or the material is cut. The checks should be the marking against the certificate, the certificate against the purchase order, and a chemical verification by a method such as the portable X-ray fluorescence or optical emission technique, interpreted by someone who knows that the difference between the two grades lies largely in tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum and the rare-earth addition, and that a cobalt reading is the most useful discriminator. The certificate should be to EN 10204 3.1, or 3.2 where independent endorsement is required, and it should state the product standard, the grade by UNS number, the heat number, the heat treatment condition and the mechanical results. Where the component will operate at temperature and the design depends on creep data, the grain size and the anneal condition should also be confirmed. Hangbo Alloy Group issues mill test certification to EN 10204 3.1 with third-party inspection by SGS, BV or TUV on request, and arranges positive material identification on delivery.

Q12: How does Shanghai Hangbo Alloy Group supply Haynes 230 and Inconel 617?

Shanghai Hangbo Alloy Group Co., Ltd. supplies both grades from Shanghai under an ISO 9001:2015 quality system, in plate, sheet, strip, bar, wire, seamless and welded tube, forgings and finished machined components, and we quote the grade by UNS number together with the product standard, the heat treatment condition and the certification so that the requirement is unambiguous before price is discussed. For Haynes 230 we work to ASTM B435 and ASTM B572 with AMS 5878 for aerospace sheet, strip and plate; for Inconel 617 we work to ASTM B168, ASTM B166 and ASTM B167 with AMS 5887 for bar and forgings. We also advise on the substitution question directly, because the technically correct choice between the two is decided by the failure mechanism rather than by the price, and we will say so when the cheaper grade is the correct one. Mill test certification to EN 10204 3.1, third-party inspection by SGS, BV or TUV, and positive material identification on delivery are available, and the grades we hold and the forms we roll are summarized below. Send the drawing, the service conditions and the applicable standard through our contact page and we will return a quotation with the standard and the lead time stated.

Conclusion: Choose the Alloy for the Failure Mode, Not the Datasheet

The choice between Haynes 230 and Inconel 617 is decided by one question, and it is worth asking it before any price comparison is made: will this component fail by attack from its environment, or by deformation under load? If the answer is attack, whether that means cyclic oxidation, spalling, carburisation, nitriding or thermal fatigue cracking, then Haynes 230 is the correct grade, because its lanthanum-bearing Ni-Cr-W-Mo chemistry holds the oxide scale and its lower thermal expansion imposes less strain on the part. If the answer is deformation, meaning creep extension, stress rupture or the loss of preload in a bolted joint at temperature, then Inconel 617 is the correct grade, because the cobalt and molybdenum in its matrix give it the higher rupture and relaxation resistance in the 900-1000 °C band. Where both mechanisms are significant, the exception cases in the selection table apply: check the stress-rupture calculation first, then check the thermal cycle, and be prepared to redesign the detail rather than to buy a more expensive alloy in the hope that it covers both.

Two practical disciplines complete the decision. First, specify the alloy by UNS number together with the product standard and the heat treatment condition, because neither grade can be strengthened after the fact by an ageing treatment and the annealed condition that is delivered is the condition that will be in service. Second, verify the grade on receipt by positive material identification and by checking the marking against an inspection document to EN 10204, because the two alloys cannot be told apart visually and a substitution is invisible once the component is installed in a furnace or a turbine. Shanghai Hangbo Alloy Group Co., Ltd. supplies both grades from Shanghai under an ISO 9001:2015 quality system with mill test certification to EN 10204 3.1, third-party inspection by SGS, BV or TUV, and positive material identification on delivery, and we will advise honestly on which of the two suits your duty. Send the drawing, the service atmosphere and the standard through our contact page and we will return a quotation with the standard, the condition and the lead time stated.

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