Haynes 214 (UNS N07214) - Alumina-Forming 1600C Oxidation Resistant Alloy Supplier | Shanghai Hangbo Alloy Group
Date: 2026年8月6日 Categories: News Views: 231
By Shanghai Hangbo Alloy Group Co., Ltd. - China Supplier | ISO 9001:2015 | Est. 2012
Contact: sales@hangboalloy.com | hangbo@nickel-alloy.com | WhatsApp (Lisa): +86 13611656360
Quick Answer: What Is Haynes 214?
Haynes 214 (UNS N07214 / W.Nr. 2.4646) is a nickel-chromium-aluminum-iron alloy that forms a protective aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) scale instead of the conventional chromium oxide — giving it the best oxidation resistance of any wrought high-temperature alloy, with cyclic oxidation performance to approximately 1600°C (2900°F) in service. It is the benchmark material for high-temperature furnace hardware, radiant tubes, heat-treat fixtures, and metal processing equipment where every 50°C of additional temperature capability extends component life by 3-5x. Shanghai Hangbo Alloy Group supplies Haynes 214 as sheets, plates, and bars.
Industry Pain Point: Heat treatment furnace operators running batch furnaces at 1200-1250°C face a material ceiling: chromia-forming alloys (Inconel 601, Haynes 230) suffer accelerating oxide spallation in thermal cycling above 1150°C, and component replacement becomes the dominant maintenance cost. Haynes 214's alumina (Al₂O₃) scale — which does NOT volatilize like Cr₂O₃ and spalls 10-100x less under thermal cycling — extends radiant tube and muffle life by a factor of 3-5x in the same duty, often paying for the alloy premium in the first furnace campaign.
Key Properties at a Glance
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| UNS Number | N07214 |
| W.Nr. | 2.4646 |
| Alloy Family | Ni-Cr-Al-Fe (Alumina Former) |
| Density | 8.05 g/cm3 |
| Melting Range | 1355-1395C |
| Max Cyclic Oxidation Temp. | ~1600C (service-dependent) |
| Tensile (Ann.) | >= 650 MPa (94 ksi) |
| Yield (Ann.) | >= 350 MPa (51 ksi) |
| Elongation (Ann.) | >= 30% |
| Key Standards | ASTM B168, B166, AMS 5879 |
Product Overview
Haynes 214 occupies a singular position in the high-temperature alloy catalog: it is the only commercial wrought alloy that deliberately forms an alumina (Al₂O₃) protective scale rather than chromia (Cr₂O₃). The composition — 75% nickel, 16% chromium, 4.5% aluminum, 3% iron, with yttrium micro-additions — is engineered around a single insight: alumina is thermodynamically stable to >2000°C, while chromia volatilizes as CrO₃ above ~1000°C.
The yttrium (0.01-0.05%) is the hidden enabler: it acts as a "reactive element" that pegs the Al₂O₃ scale to the substrate, preventing spallation under thermal cycling. Without yttrium, the alumina scale would exfoliate on cooling, exposing fresh metal to catastrophic oxidation on the next heat-up.
Cyclic oxidation performance (weight change after 1000 one-hour cycles):
| Alloy | 1095C | 1205C |
|---|---|---|
| Haynes 214 | -0.1 mg/cm² (negligible) | -0.3 mg/cm² |
| Haynes 230 | -2.5 mg/cm² | Severe attack |
| Inconel 601 | -8 mg/cm² | Catastrophic |
The same mechanism provides outstanding resistance to carburization, nitriding, and chlorine-containing atmospheres — the alumina barrier blocks interstitial diffusion of C, N, and Cl just as effectively as it blocks oxygen.
Shanghai Hangbo Alloy Group supplies Haynes 214 in sheet (the dominant product form for fabricated furnace hardware), plate, and bar.
Executive Standards
| Product Form | ASTM | AMS |
|---|---|---|
| Plate, Sheet & Strip | ASTM B168 | AMS 5879 |
| Bar & Rod | ASTM B166 | -- |
| Seamless Tube | ASTM B167 | -- |
| Welding Filler | ERNiCr-11 (FM 214) | -- |
Chemical Composition (wt.%)
| Element | Min | Max | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ni | Balance | -- | Matrix; hot strength |
| Cr | 14.0 | 18.0 | Secondary scale; alumina nucleation aid |
| Al | 4.0 | 5.0 | Alumina scale former — the defining element |
| Fe | 1.0 | 6.0 | Cost reduction; austenite stability |
| Y | 0.005 | 0.05 | Reactive element — scale adhesion |
| C | -- | 0.15 | Moderate — carbide strengthening |
| Si | -- | 0.40 | Deoxidizer |
| Mn | -- | 1.0 | Deoxidizer |
Mechanical & Physical Properties
Room-Temperature (Solution-Annealed 1149C/AC)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | >= 650 MPa (94 ksi) |
| Yield Strength 0.2% | >= 350 MPa (51 ksi) |
| Elongation | >= 30% |
| Hardness | ~85-95 HRB |
Elevated-Temperature Properties (Typical)
| Temperature | Tensile (MPa) | Yield (MPa) |
|---|---|---|
| 20C | 800 | 450 |
| 650C | 620 | 280 |
| 870C | 300 | 160 |
| 1000C | 120 | 70 |
Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 8.05 g/cm3 |
| Thermal Conductivity (20C) | ~11 W/m-K |
| Melting Range | 1355-1395C |
Heat Treatment
Solution Annealing: 1149C (2100F), rapid air cool. No precipitation hardening.
Pre-oxidation for maximum life: Before service, heat components to 1010C (1850F) for 2 hours in air to pre-form the protective Al₂O₃ scale — this standard practice extends service life by an additional 30-50%.
Production Process
Sheet & Plate
- Melting: VIM for aluminum (4.5%) control — Al would be lost to slag in air melt. Yttrium addition at final stage.
- Hot Rolling: 1150-1200C, finishing >=1000C.
- Solution Anneal: 1149C, rapid air cool.
- Surface & Inspection: Pickle, level, 100% visual + UT on request.
Bar & Tube
Cold pilgering with intermediate anneals; final 1149C anneal; hydrostatic/ET testing.
Industry Applications
| Industry | Component | Why Haynes 214? |
|---|---|---|
| Heat Treatment | Radiant tubes, muffles, retorts, trays | 3-5x life vs chromia formers in cyclic 1150-1250C service |
| Metal Processing | Annealing furnace rolls, continuous strip furnace hardware | Scale-free operation — no oxide flakes contaminate strip |
| Chemical | Fluidized bed combustor internals | Sulfidizing + oxidizing resistance |
| Glass | Furnace recuperator tubes | High-temperature oxidation + thermal cycling |
| Ceramics | Kiln furniture, saggers | 1600C-class oxidation resistance |
Quality Assurance: 7-Stage
- Raw Material: Ni, Cr, Al, Y analyzed by ICP-OES. Yttrium purity >=99.9%.
- VIM Melt: Al 4.0-5.0%, Y 0.005-0.05%, C <=0.10% internal.
- Hot Working: 1150-1200C, finishing >=1000C.
- Solution Anneal: 1149C verified, hardness 85-95 HRB.
- Oxidation Test: Cyclic oxidation verification per lot on request.
- NDE: 100% UT bars >=50mm; ET sheet on request. PMI every piece.
- Documentation: EN 10204 3.1 MTC. SGS/TUV/BV witness.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: What is Haynes 214 used for?
High-temperature furnace radiant tubes, muffles, heat-treat fixtures, fluidized bed combustor internals, and kiln furniture — anywhere cyclic oxidation above 1150°C is the dominant failure mode.
Q2: What makes 214 special?
It forms an alumina (Al₂O₃) scale, not chromia (Cr₂O₃). Alumina does not volatilize at high temperature and spalls 10-100x less under thermal cycling — the best oxidation resistance of any wrought alloy.
Q3: Haynes 214 vs 230?
214: Al₂O₃ former, superior oxidation to 1600C, lower creep strength. 230: Cr₂O₃ former, good to 1150C, superior creep strength. 214 for oxidation-limited; 230 for creep-limited.
Q4: What is the maximum service temperature?
~1600°C for oxidation resistance in cyclic service (intermittent). For continuous load-bearing service, design limits are lower (~1100-1200°C).
Q5: Is it weldable?
Yes, with ERNiCr-11 (FM 214) matching filler. Weld metal retains the alumina-forming capability.
Q6: What is the price?
$50-90/kg EXW. Premium over 230 reflects the VIM-only melting requirement. Contact sales@hangboalloy.com.
Q7: What product forms?
Sheet (0.5-6mm), plate (6-50mm), bar (6-100mm), tube. SGS available.
Q8: Why yttrium?
Yttrium (0.005-0.05%) pegs the alumina scale to the substrate, preventing spallation during thermal cycling — without it, the scale exfoliates and oxidation accelerates.
Q9: Does it resist carburization?
Yes — the alumina barrier blocks carbon diffusion ~100x more effectively than chromia.
Q10: What heat treatment?
Solution annealing at 1149°C. Pre-oxidation at 1010°C/2h before service is recommended.
Q11: What is the density?
8.05 g/cm3.
Q12: Does Shanghai Hangbo ship internationally?
Yes — FOB/CIF/DAP to 40+ countries.
Q13: Can it be used for creep-limited applications?
Not ideal — 214's creep strength is lower than 230/617. Use 214 for oxidation-limited, 230 for creep-limited.
Q14: What are the tensile properties?
>=650 MPa tensile, >=350 MPa yield, >=30% elongation (annealed).
Q15: How does it compare to Inconel 601?
214 has dramatically better cyclic oxidation resistance (10-100x less spallation) at 1150°C+, at a cost premium of 1.5-2x.
Contact Shanghai Hangbo Alloy Group
| Channel | Details |
|---|---|
| Company | Shanghai Hangbo Alloy Group Co., Ltd. - China Supplier |
| Website | www.nickel-alloy.com |
| Email (Sales) | sales@hangboalloy.com |
| Email (Technical) | hangbo@nickel-alloy.com |
| WhatsApp (Lisa) | +86 13611656360 |
| Address | Room 1508, No. 288 Shiyi Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200940, China |
Shanghai Hangbo Alloy Group - Complete Product Range
| Family | Available Grades |
|---|---|
| Pure Nickel | NI200, NI201, N4, N5, N6 |
| Monel | 400, 401, 404, K-500, R-405 |
| Inconel | 600, 601, 617, 625, 690, 718, X-750, 725 |
| Incoloy | 800, 800H, 800HT, 825, 925, 926, A-286, 25-6HN, 27-7MO |
| Hastelloy | C-276, C-22, C-2000, C-4, G-30, G-35, X, B-2, B-3, B-4, N |
| Super Austenitic | 904L, Alloy 28, Alloy 31, 254SMO |
| Chromium-Rich | Alloy 33 |
| Nimonic | 75, 80A, 90, 95, 105, 115, 263 |
| Haynes | 25, 188, 214, 230, 242, 282, 556 |
| RA Series | RA330, RA333 |
| Precision | 1J22, 1J46, 1J50, 1J79, 1J85, 3J21, 4J32, 4J36, 4J45 |
| High-Strength | 18Ni250, 18Ni300, AerMet 100, PH13-8Mo |
| Heating | Cr20Ni80, Cr40Ni60 |
| Specialty | Alloy 20, Alloy 59, Inconel 686, 602CA |
Product Forms: Bars(6-500mm) | Tubes(OD 6-610mm) | Plates(0.1-100mm) | Forgings | Welded Pipes | Fittings | Wire(0.05-10mm) | Strip(0.02-4.0mm)
SGS/BV/TUV. Contact: sales@hangboalloy.com | WhatsApp (Lisa): +86 13611656360 | www.nickel-alloy.com
